The basic chemistry of all plasters is the same, calcium sulfate.
The difference is the particle size. The coarser the particle
size, the greater the spaces between the individual grains. Granted,
it is hard to visually see or feel the difference, but it is significant.
The coarser the plaster, the more water absorbent it is and the
weaker it is, since the gaps between the particles can hold more
water, but are not as tightly knitted. There are many different
plasters, many with only subtle differences which don't concern
most potters.
ROVIN CERAMICS maintains in inventory the following plasters,
which cover virtually all the potential uses of the clay artist.
#1 Pottery Plaster -- Most water absorbent, but the weakest.
Used for slip cast molds, wedging tables and other applications
where water absorbency is the main criteria. Used extensively
by greenware mold makers. Also the plaster of choice for glass
molds, in conjunction with ground silica, etc.
#1 Moulding Plaster -- Harder and denser and less water
absorbent than #1 pottery plaster. Used as a sculpture plaster,
as well as wedging tables, mostly because it is stronger. Has
been used for slip cast molds where the mold has many sharp edges
which must be incorporated in the final cast shape. Casting time
is much longer and number of cycles before drying is decreased.
Hydrocal -- not stocking - The hardest and least water absorbent. Cast
as sculptural pieces such as lamps, ceiling molding, etc. Also
used as tile press molds.
For Best Results
Always store plaster in a warm, dry, clean place. Do not use plaster
that is lumpy. As a result of improper storage; it has absorbed
moisture from the air and will have lowered its strength. Always
use room temperature, potable water.
Sift or spread plaster evenly into the water (never add water
to plaster) allowing no lumps to form. Soak the unmixed plaster
for 2 to 4 minutes and mix until slurry attains the consistency
of thick cream.

The setting time is affected by water temperature, speed and duration
of mixing. The warmer the water, the faster the set. The longer
the mixing procedure and greater the agitation, the faster the
set. The greater the plaster to water ratio, the faster the set.
Older plaster sets slower. Keep all mixing equipment clean.